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Economic capital
allocation and risk-adjusted performance metrics were pioneered by Bankers Trust
during the early 1980s. Over time, similar techniques have been adopted by some,
but not all, major financial institutions. The techniques largely parallel the
Basle Committee's regulatory capital guidelines for banks but are modified to
support internal decision making. This book describes such techniques.
The first time I
looked at the book, I disliked it and set it aside. I later returned for a
second look, and I am glad I did. I discovered that my first impressions were
mistaken. The book is a gem. It offers the best all-round introduction to RAROC
and economic capital available. Compared to Matten (2000),
it is more focused. Matten is quite general and never delves deeply into the
formulas for calculating RAROC. Compared to Schroeck (2002),
Belmont is more practical and accessible. Read Schroeck after you read
Belmont.
What I don't like
about Belmont—the reason I initially set it aside—is the opening three chapters.
Their purpose is to motivate a need for economic capital calculations, but they
fall flat. Reading somewhat like a sales proposal from a
consulting firm, they blandly assert that economic capital calculations are
industry "best
practice"—that "best practice" firms are using this stuff as we read. There is a
rebuttal of the standard argument that risk management is unnecessary
if shareholders can diversify away firm-specific risk. Arguments are sloppy at
points. The chapters drag on. Don't be perturbed. Skip forward to Chapter 4.
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1. Risk management and value creation
2. A rebuttal of the risk management
irrelevance proposition
3. Who should care and why?
4. Optimizing return, risk, and value -
The link between RAROC and economic profit
5. Determining capital allocations
6. Determining the cost of capital
7. Linking capital to value - capital
structuring
8. Linking risk to return and value -
setting economic capital budgets and strategies
9. Impact of Basel II - installing and
using I.T. systems to measure regulatory and economic risk
10. Frameworks for economic profit and
RAROC: Case studies and common errors
11. Conclusion |
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This is where the
meat of the book begins. Chapter 4 introduces economic capital and
risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC). Chapters 5 through 8 describe how to
allocate capital and calculate its cost. Chapter 9 briefly describes technology
issues. Chapter 10 looks at actual economic capital implementations at three banks. Chapter
11 concludes.
All this material is detailed, practical and
insightful.
Useful concepts are explained: RAROC, economic profit, internal
betas, surplus regulatory capital, etc. I think Chapter 5, which describes
different approaches for internally allocating economic capital, is especially
interesting.
This book will
appeal to a wide audience, including senior bank executives, implementers and
theorists. While largely non-technical, it offers a depth of detail that other
introductory treatments do not. Despite my initial misgivings, this is an
excellent book. I highly recommend
it.
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