Risk Budgeting

Contents

Introduction

1. What are Value-at-Risk and Risk Budgeting?

2. A Simple Equity Portfolio

Techniques of Value-at-Risk and Stress Testing

3. The Delta-Normal Method

4. Historical Simulation

5. The Delta-Normal Method for a Fixed Income Portfolio

6. Monte Carlo Simulation

7. Using Factor Models to Compute the Value-at-Risk of Equity Portfolios

8. Using Principal Components to Compute the Value-at-Risk of Fixed Income Portfolios

9. Stress Testing

Risk Decomposition and Risk Budgeting

10. Decomposing Risk

11. A "Long-Short" Hedge Fund Manager

12. Aggregating and Decomposing the Risks of Large Portfolios

13. Risk Budgeting and the Choice of Active Managers

Refinements of the basic Methods

14. Delta-Gamma Approaches

15. Variants of the Monte Carlo Approach

16. Extreme Value Theory and VaR

Limitations of Value-at-Risk

17. VaR Is Only an Estimate

18. Gaming the VaR

19. Coherent Risk Measures

Conclusion

20. A Few Issues in Risk Budgeting

The term "risk budgeting" is used to describe various contexts in which VaR is applied to support investment decisions. In a multi-manager setting, individual managers can be given risk budgets. Asset allocation and portfolio optimization can also be performed in terms of risk budgets. In this book, Neil Pearson gives a detailed introduction to VaR and then applies it to risk budgeting tasks.

The book covers linear, historical and Monte Carlo methods for calculating VaR. It considers simple remapping techniques, and provides a detailed discussion of principal component remappings. Theory is downplayed in favor of examples, some of which are quite elaborate. This informal approach will appeal to less technical readers. The discussion of VaR is not specific to investment management. It is as good as that offered in most introductory texts on VaR.

The treatment of risk budgeting is less satisfying. Models are justified mathematically but not financially. Again, theory is downplayed in favor of examples. This approach, which works with the established concept of VaR, is less effective with the still emerging concept of risk budgeting. Readers gain an intuitive sense of what risk budgeting is about, and they learn some of the mathematics. The author acknowledges that there are detractors of risk budgeting, but he could do more to explain their concerns. Strengths and weaknesses of risk budgeting concepts could be explored in more depth.

In summary, this book makes extensive use of examples to illustrate concepts. This works well in sections on VaR, which I think will appeal to a less technical audience. Readers are introduced to the mathematics of risk budgeting and gain an intuitive sense of what it is about.

For related books, see sections:

Risk Management - Market Risk

Portfolio Management - General

Portfolio Management - Asset Allocation

Finance - Portfolio Theory

 

 

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